P1 Explain how networks communicate
Types
Two or more computer system linked together is a network. Many types are these types of computer networks. Geographically close together are the computers with local area networks. Connected by telephone lines or radio waves which are computers that are further apart which have wide area networks. Within a limited geographic area, such as a military base or campus is where computers have campus-area network which are also known as CANs. Designed for a town or city is a data network for metropolitan-area networks which are also known as MANs. What connects a person’s digital device is a network contained within a user’s home also known as home-area networks. There is a picture below showing an example of what it looks like.
Two or more computer system linked together is a network. Many types are these types of computer networks. Geographically close together are the computers with local area networks. Connected by telephone lines or radio waves which are computers that are further apart which have wide area networks. Within a limited geographic area, such as a military base or campus is where computers have campus-area network which are also known as CANs. Designed for a town or city is a data network for metropolitan-area networks which are also known as MANs. What connects a person’s digital device is a network contained within a user’s home also known as home-area networks. There is a picture below showing an example of what it looks like.
Network topologies Referring to a layout of a network is a network topology. How they communicate is determined by the network’s topology which is also how different nodes in a network which are connected to each other. How different nodes in a network are connected to each other and how they communicate where network topology referring to a layout of a network. The physical layouts of devices on a network are topologies. The way that the data passes through the network from one device to the next or the way that the signals act on the network media. PAN A personal area network is known as PAN. Around an individual person is a computer network organized around this. A handheld computing device such as a PDA where personal area networks typically involve a mobile computer or a cell phone. Including email and calendar appointments, digital photos and music where networks are used to transfer files such as these and others. Under a singular control group that define the protocols and access control where a LAN is a series of computers connected together. To a wireless access point at home connected by mobile devices and computers. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) A network spanning a physical area larger than that of a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city is a metropolitan network. A single entity such as a government body or large corporation where a MAN is typically owned and operated by this. Relying on fibre-optic solutions is from this type of solution. Bus From one part of a computer to another is a collection of wires through which data is transmitted. Data travels within a computer is done through a bus known as a highway. The term bus usually refers to internal bus, when used in reference to personal computers. To the CPU and main memory is connected from a bus that connects all the internal computer components. What enables expansion boards to access the CPU memory is done through an expansion bus. An address bus and a data bus is two parts of two buses. The address bus transfers information about where the data should go where the data bus transfers actual data. It determines how much data can be transmitted at one time where the size of a bus, known as its width makes this important. The 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits of data whereas the 16-bit can transmit 16 bits of data. Measured in MHz, every bus has a clock speed that does this. This makes applications run faster which is done by a fast bus that allows data to be transferred faster. Such as PCI is replacing the old ISA on PCs. Such as video data requires faster speed that has a local bus in nearly all PCs made today. This connects directly to the processor which is done by the local bus is a high-speed pathway. Used on Apple Macintosh computers, several different types of buses are used. Newer ones use PCI but older MACS use a bus called NUBus. All devices on a local-area network is connected by a central cable which is known as a bus in networking. Backbone is also known as this. Broadband As information can be sent and received at a much faster rate where broadband is a high bandwidth connection to the internet and is much faster to use than the traditional telephone and modem. It involves large volumes of information being carried at high speeds to a modem and to a pc where broadband is provided over a phone line. Videos, graphical websites, text to be experienced in real time is allowed by this. More enjoyable experience while on the internet when compared to someone with a dial-up connection where a user with a broadband internet connection will have a much faster connection. You are using it where you can take advantage of instant messaging and online high speed interactive games where the phone line is unaffected this means that you can make telephone calls while the internet is on. The internet connection is always on which is why it is convenient. Controlled access to services on a network provided by network operating systems. A high specification computer that has adequate storage, memory and sufficient processing capabilities to handle the task it needs to carry out when you use NOS you would normally pair it with this. To communicate with each other and share files and with one another where this software also allows multiple computers to do this. Windows server 2008/2010, Sun Solaris, Linux are some examples of networking operating systems. Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) When two pc’s devices try to use a single data channel, such as Ethernet, simultaneously where this is a network access method protocol which outlines how network devices should react when this is done. Ethernet networks To constantly monitor the traffic that passes through the line where Ethernet use CSMA/collision detection (CD) A particular node can transmit its data if there is no data transmission occurring at the time. A collision is caused by data being sent at the same time. By all nodes on the network where this collision is detected by this. Before they happen collisions can be prevented by CSMA/CA acts. |
(WAN) Geographically situated in different locations where a WAN is comprised of multiple LAN’S that can be like this. To communicate with each other where these LAN’S are interconnected. A network spanning a physical area larger than that of a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city where the larges WAN at present in the internet. This is done by having the Metropolitan area network. Such as a government body or large corporation where a MAN is typically owned and operated by a single entity. Relying on fibre-optic solutions where this type of solution does this. Amongst computers and other networking devices, to communicate over a network where a wireless network is a network that utilises radio signals. As a Wi-Fi network or WLAN is referred by this. It’s easy to setup and no cabling involved where this network is getting popular because of this. Without the need for any wires or cabling where you can connect computers anywhere in your home. Wireless Network Amongst computers and other networking devices where a network that utilises radio signals communicate over a network is a wireless network. As Wi-fi or WLAN is sometimes referred as this. It is easy to setup and no cabling where this network is getting very popular. Without the need for any wires or cabling where you can connect computers anywhere in your home or business. Network Topologies In several different ways where networks are laid out. Mesh, cloud, star, ring, a bus are the five main types of network arrangements. The virtual structure of a network is a topology which is essentially this. To the physical layout where the layout does not always correspond to this. Ring Whose topology is a ring is in a local-area network. In a closed loop nodes are connected. With each node reading those messages addressed to it where messages travel around the ring. Each node regenerates messages as they pass through it like bus networks which one of the advantages of ring networks is that they can span larger distances than other types of networks. Star In which all nodes are connected to a central computer a local-area network that uses a star topology. It’s easy to add and remove nodes where the main advantages of a star network is that one malfunctioning node doesn’t affect the rest of the network. Such as a bus or ring networks do not require as much cabling as other topologies where the main disadvantages of star networks. Mesh In which devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes, mesh is a network topology and also people call this mesh topology or a mesh network. It has a connection to every other node in the network which is in a true mesh topology. Connecting it to every other node in a network from a circuit this occurs in full mesh topology. Network traffic can be directed to any of the other nodes, so in the event that one of those nodes fails which full mesh is very expensive to implement but yields the greatest amount of redundancy. Backbone networks is usually reserved by full mesh. This yields less redundancy than full mesh topology that partial mesh topology is less expensive to implement. Others are only connected to one or two in the network, some noes are organized in a full mesh scheme with partial mesh. Found in peripheral networks connected to full meshed backbone is where partial mesh topology is. Network connection software Connectivity in a network is checked by a type of software that does this where this is a network connection. Ensuring that you are always online, it monitors your bandwidth as well. Simple Network Management Protocol is known as SNMP are examples of this. For network administrators have designed tools to do this. To check their map of their network availability and performance where they use to monitor the networks. Network Access Methods What makes use of a constantly repeating packet of data where token passing is a communications network access method that does this. By the computer that wishes to send a message where this is relayed onto the network from this. The message that is sent will have to wait for an empty token as the computer wants to send this. It is filled with the address of the destination computer and some or all of its message contents where once the empty token is acquired this is done. The tokens are checked that pass through to a certain as to whether it is a recipient of the message where every computer or device on the network will constantly do this. The token will be reset to an empty status where the computer will grab the message contents. Mainly in ring topologies is where token passing is found. |